Why did operating income rise?
Follow the change in Novartis operating income from the published figures to a reconciled explanation. Inspect the numbers, their sources and the checks behind the result.
$0.00 inference cost
Financial arithmetic runs in Python. This version uses a fixed, checked brief.3,530 → 3,616
Reported USD, versus the prior-year quarter
26.8% prior year · +0.28 percentage points
Seven changes. $86 million higher.
Each bar shows how a reported line contributed to the change. Expense reductions add to income; expense increases subtract from it.
Research and development
The expense became larger, reducing operating income by this amount. Figures are in USD million.
Report, page 17A visible process
Arithmetic and checks happen before the brief. The evidence available to the brief is limited to the relevant report extract.
- 01Read source
Reviewed public report extract, with page references.
Checked - 02Normalize facts
Validate period, units, signs, metric IDs and source references.
Checked - 03Reconcile movement
Calculate seven signed contributions and check both income totals.
Checked - 04Select evidence
Select bounded report summaries by relevant metric IDs.
Checked - 05Build brief
Render a deterministic brief; no model has been called.
No model used - 06Check failures
Run real validation and deliberately corrupted-input checks.
Checked
Showing the saved calculation. You can inspect every figure and check below.